Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3

Using Apache With Microsoft Windows

This document explains how to install, configure and run Apache 1.3b6 and later under Microsoft Windows. Please note that at this time, Windows support is entirely experimental, and is recommended only for experienced users. The Apache Group does not guarantee that this software will work as documented, or even at all. If you find any bugs, or wish to contribute in other ways, please use our bug reporting page.

Warning: Apache on NT has not yet been optimized for performance. Apache still performs best, and is most reliable on Unix platforms. Over time we will improve NT performance. Folks doing comparative reviews of webserver performance are asked to compare against Apache on a Unix platform such as Solaris, FreeBSD, or Linux.

Most of this document assumes that you are installing Windows from a binary distribution. If you want to compile Apache yourself (possibly to help with development, or to track down bugs), see the section on Compiling Apache for Windows below.

Requirements
Downloading Apache for Windows
Installing Apache for Windows (binary install)
Running Apache for Windows
Using Apache for Windows
Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line
Compiling Apache for Windows

Requirements

Apache 1.3 is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0. The binary installer will only work in Intel processors. Apache may also run on Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5.1, but these have not been tested. In all cases TCP/IP networking must be installed.

If running on Windows 95, using the "Winsock2" upgrade is recommended but may not be necessary. If running on NT 4.0, installing Service Pack 2 is recommended.

Downloading Apache for Windows

Information on the latest version of Apache can be found on the Apache web server at http://www.apache.org/. This will list the current release, any more recent alpha or beta-test releases, together with details of mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.

You should download the version of Apache for Windows with the .exe extension. This is a single file containing Apache, ready to install and run. There may also be a .zip file containing the source code, to compile Apache yourself. (If there is no .zip file, the source will be available in a .tar.gz file but this will contain Unix line endings. You will have to convert at least the .mak and .dsp files to have DOS line endings before MSVC will understand them).

Installing Apache for Windows

Run the Apache .exe file you downloaded above. This will ask for:

the directory to install Apache into (the default is \Program Files\Apache Group\Apache although you can change this to any other directory)
the start menu name (default is "Apache Web Server")
the installation type. The "Typical" option installs everything except the source code. The "Minimum" option does not install the manuals or source code. Choose the "Custom" install if you want to install the source code.

During the installation, Apache will configure the files in the conf directory for your chosen installation directory. However if any of the files in this directory already exist they will not be overwritten. Instead the new copy of the corresponding file will be left with the extension .default. So, for example, if conf\httpd.conf already exists it will not be altered, but the version which would have been installed will be left in conf\httpd.conf.default. After the installation has finished you should manually check to see what in new in the .default file, and if necessary update your existing configuration files.

Also, if you already have a file called htdocs\index.html then it will not be overwritten (no index.html.default file will be installed either). This should mean it a safe to install Apache over an existing installation (but you will have to stop the existing server running before doing the installation, then start the new one after the installation is finished).

Important note for 1.3b6 installs: the above only applies for 1.3b7 and later. In 1.3b6 the installer would overwrite any existing httpd.conf, access.conf, srm.conf or mime.types files in the conf, and will also overwrite your index.html file in the htdocs directory. You should copy these files or directories before installing Apache 1.3b6 or install into a new directory.

After installing Apache, you should edit the configuration files in the conf directory as required. These files will be configured during the install ready for Apache to be run from the directory where it was installed, with the documents served from the subdirectory htdocs. There are lots of other options which should be set before you start really using Apache. However to get started quickly the files should work as installed.

Running Apache for Windows

There are two ways you can run Apache:

As a "service" (available on NT only). This is the best option if you want Apache to automatically start when you machine boots, and to keep Apache running when you log-off.
From a console window. This is the only option available for Windows 95 users.

To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a service. Run the "Install Apache as Service" option from the Start menu. Once this is done you can start Apache by opening the Services window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache, then clicking on Start. Apache will now be running in the background. You can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an alternative to using the Services window, you can start and stop Apache from the control line with

  NET START APACHE
  NET STOP APACHE

To run Apache from a console window, select the "Apache Server" option from the Start menu. This will open a console window and start Apache running inside it. The window will remain active until you stop Apache. To stop Apache running, press Control-C within the console window.

After starting Apache running (either in a console window or as a service) if will be listening to port 80 (unless you changed the Port, Listen or BindAddress directives in the configuration files). To connect to the server and access the default page, launch a browser and enter this URL:

  http://localhost/

This should respond with a welcome page, and a link to the Apache manual. If nothing happens or you get an error, look in the error_log file in the logs directory.

Once your basic installation is working, you should configure it properly by editing the files in the conf directory.

Configuring Apache for Windows

Apache is configured by files in the conf directory. These are the same as files used to configure the Unix version, but there are a few different directives for Apache on Windows. See the Apache documentation for all the available directives.

The main differences in Apache for Windows are:

Because Apache for Windows is multithreaded, it does not use a separate process for each request, as Apache does with Unix. Instead there are usually only two Apache processes running: a parent process, and a child which handles the requests. Within the child each request is handled by a separate thread.
So the "process"-management directives are different:
MaxRequestsPerChild - Like the Unix directive, this controls how many requests a process will serve before exiting. However, unlike Unix, a process serves all the requests at once, not just one, so if this is set, it is recommended that a very high number is used. The recommended default, MaxRequestsPerChild 0, does not cause the process to ever exit.
ThreadsPerChild - This directive is new, and tells the server how many threads it should use. This is the maximum number of connections the server can handle at once; be sure and set this number high enough for your site if you get a lot of hits. The recommended default is ThreadsPerChild 50.
The directives that accept filenames as arguments now must use Windows filenames instead of Unix ones. However, because Apache uses Unix-style names internally, you must use forward slashes, not backslashes. Drive letters can be used; if omitted, the drive with the Apache executable will be assumed.
Apache for Windows contains the ability to load modules at runtime, without recompiling the server. If Apache is compiled normally, it will install a number of optional modules in the \Apache\modules directory. To activate these, or other modules, the new LoadModule directive must be used. For example, to active the status module, use the following (in addition to the status-activating directives in access.conf):
```
    LoadModule status_module modules/ApacheModuleStatus.dll
```
Information on creating loadable modules is also available.
Apache can also load ISAPI Extensions (i.e., Internet Server Applications), such as those used by Microsoft's IIS, and other Windows servers. More information is available.

Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line

The Start menu icons and the NT Service manager can provide an simple interafce for administering Apache. But in some cases it is easier to work from the command line.

When working with Apache it is important to know how it will find the configuration files. During installation, a registry key will have been installed. For the 1.3 beta releases the key is:

  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\1.3 beta\ServerRoot

While for the final 1.3.0 release it is called:

  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Apache Group\Apache\1.3.0\ServerRoot

(The use of different keys lets you install later versions without affect any previous versions already installed. For example, when 1.3.1 comes out it will use "1.3.1" instead of "1.3.0" in the registry key, so you can install and test 1.3.1 without affecting you existing 1.3.0 installation. Note however that Windows NT service manager only ever allows one service with the same name, so you cannot install the newer version as a service whilst the older version is still installed).

The value of this key is the "ServerRoot" directory, containing the conf directory. When Apache starts it will read the httpd.conf file from this directory. If this file contains a ServerRoot directive which is different from the directory obtained from the registry key above, Apache will forget the registry key and use the directory from the configuration file. If you copy the Apache directory or configuration files to a new location it is vital that you update the ServerRoot directory in the httpd.conf file to the new location.

To run Apache from the command line as a console application, use the following command:

    apache -s

(The -s option is not required by Windows 95, but on Windows NT it prevents Apache waiting to see if Apache is running as a service). Apache will execute, and will remain running until it is stopped by pressing control-C.

To install Apache as a Windows NT service, use the following:

    apache -i

and to remove the Apache service, use

    apache -u

If you want to run an installation of Apache in a directory other than the one in the registry key as above, use the -f command-line to specify the path to the httpd.conf file, or the -d option to specify the server root directory. These options can be used with any of the other flags as listed above. Again note that once Apache has read the httpd.conf file it will then start using the directory given on the ServerRoot directive line instead of the -f or -d command line argument.

Compiling Apache for Windows

Compiling Apache requires Microsoft Visual C++ 5.0 to be properly installed. It is easiest to compile with the command-line tools (nmake, etc...). Consult the VC++ manual to determine how to install them.

First, unpack the Apache distribution into an appropriate directory. Open a command-line prompt, and change to the src subdirectory of the Apache distribution.

The master Apache makefile instructions are contained in the Makefile.nt file. To compile Apache, simply use one of the following commands:

nmake /f Makefile.nt _apacher (release build)
nmake /f Makefile.nt _apached (debug build)

These will both compile Apache. The latter will include debugging information in the resulting files, making it easier to find bugs and track down problems.

Apache can also be compiled using VC++'s Visual Studio development environment. Although compiling Apache in this manner is not as simple, it makes it possible to easily modify the Apache source, or to compile Apache if the command-line tools are not installed.

Project files (.DSP) are included for each of the portions of Apache. The three projects that are necessary for Apache to run are Apache.dsp, ap/ap.dsp, regex/regex.dsp, ApacheCore.dsp and os/win32/ApacheOS.dsp. The src/win32 subdirectory contains project files for the optional modules (see below).

Once Apache has been compiled, it needs to be installed in its server root directory. The default is the \Apache directory, on the current hard drive.

To install the files into the \Apache directory automatically, use one the following nmake commands (see above):

nmake /f Makefile.nt installr INSTDIR=dir (for release build)
nmake /f Makefile.nt installd INSTDIR=dir (for debug build)

The dir argument to INSTDIR gives the installation directory. The can be omitted if Apache is to be installed into \Apache.

This will install the following:

dir\Apache.exe - Apache executable
dir\ApacheCore.dll - Main Apache shared library
dir\modules\ApacheModule*.dll - Optional Apache modules (7 files)
dir\conf - Empty configuration directory
dir\logs - Empty logging directory

If you do not have nmake, or wish to install in a different directory, be sure to use a similar naming scheme.

Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3